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B3 is a medical based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Competitors in this classification have partial sight, with visual acuity from 2/60 to 6/60. It is used by a number of blind sports including para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some sports have equivalents to this class, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Association (IBSA) though classification is handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling. The B3 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Some sports like athletics and swimming have independently created their own classification equivalent that is comparable to the IBSA created B3 class. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports such as athletics specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. ==Definition== B3 is a disability sport classification for people who have partial vision.〔 The International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) defines this classification as "From visual acuity above 2/60 to visual acuity of 6/60 and/or visual field of more than 5 degrees and less than 20 degrees."〔 The Canadian Paralympic Committee defined B3 as "No more than 10% functional vision." Competitors in this class "can make out shapes with the help of glasses".〔 A B3 competitor could read a newspaper if it was no further than away.〔 This classification is borrowed by some other sports, including blind golf who also define the class as "From visual acuity above 20/60 up to visual acuity of 6/60 and/or visual field of above 5 degrees and less than 20 degrees." Para-alpine skiing sport specific versions of this definition include one by the Australian Paralympic Committee which defined this classification as "Athletes with slightly more vision or more than five degrees but less than 20 degrees." The International Paralympic Committee defined B3 for alpine skiing as "From visual acuity above 20/60 up to visual acuity of 6/60 and/or visual field of more than 5 degrees and less than 20 degrees." This classification has parallels in other sports. For adaptive rowing, the comparable classification is LTA-B3.〔 For athletics, the class is T13.〔 The B3 equivalent for swimming is S13.〔 IBSA handles classification for a number of sports internationally including five-a-side football, goalball and judo.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=International Blind Sports Association )〕 Part of being classified involves assessing vision for factors including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, motion detections and visual field.〔 When being assessed into this class by the IBSA, the process first includes the athlete filling out a consent form, submitting a photograph, and scheduling an appointment with a classifier for evaluation. During the evaluation, the competitor may be accompanied by another person to assist them in communicating with the classifiers. If necessary, the person can also bring a translator. The assessment is then conducted and is medical. There are several status groups used by classifiers that assist in classification. This includes confirmed for competitors who have a visual impairment unlikely to change, Review for competitors who have vision that may fluctuate, New for competitors who have never been classified before, Not Eligible for competitors who have a visual impairment that is not severe enough and not likely to deteriorate in the future to the point where they could be eligible.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=14 April 2013 )〕 Classification is also handled on a national and by sport level.〔〔 Australians seeking classification for blind sports can be classified by an IBSA classifier or an Australian Paralympic Committee vision impairment classifier. In the United Kingdom, blind sport is handled by British Blind Sport, which is recognized nationally by Sport England. In the United States, governance related to this classification is handled by the United States Association for Blind Athletes (USABA). Not all sports use IBSA classifiers. For adaptive rowing, classification assignment may be handled by FISA, as was the case at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.〔 In athletics, classification assignment may be handled by the IPC, as was the case at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.〔 Cycling classification assignment for this class may be handled by the UCI, as was the case at the 2008 Summer Paralympic.〔 Otherwise, the swimmer competes under the normal rules governing Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), the sport's highest authority, swimming competitions. Swimming classification handled by IPC Swimming.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「B3 (classification)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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